I will argue that the impact of these changes will generally be positive for banks’ customers, who will benefit from better and more convenient services, and for the economy at large.
One of the mantras of banking supervisors across the world is
technological neutrality. In other words, supervisors should not be
influencing banks’ decision-making when it comes to technological
strategy. Such decisions are best made in the private market, by those
who will ultimately deal with the consequences.
The ECB subscribes to this approach. Nevertheless, while we are
neutral, we are still paying close attention. In my remarks today, I
will explain what I personally see when I look across today’s
technological banking landscape in Europe.
I will note that there is a certain inevitability about the
continued – and likely ever accelerating – technological change in the
banking sector. And I will argue that the impact of these changes will
generally be positive for banks’ customers, who will benefit from better
and more convenient services, and for the economy at large.
However, for banks, the trends associated with technological
transformation will not all be benign. For business models to remain
sustainable, banks cannot afford to stand still when it comes to
technology. Customer demand for convenience will inevitably increase, so
banks should feel a sense of urgency to push their work on
digitalization forwards as fast as possible.
The inevitable drivers of modern customer demand – convenience and choice
Customer behaviour has been moving towards more digitally oriented consumption of banking services for some decades now.
It was already clear before the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic that
the move away from branch-based banking towards online banking was well
under way.
The pandemic has accelerated this existing trend.
Some of the innovations that were already available to banks’ customers
– in particular contactless forms of banking and payments – suddenly
became very attractive when social distancing was the norm.
In this context, the European banking sector has seen the number of
digital users increase by 23% since the start of the pandemic.
This reinforces the banking sector’s position as the industry where
customers are most willing to connect with their service providers via
online channels.
In some ways this is a testament to how well banks have managed to
build and retain customers’ confidence that online services can be
delivered conveniently and effectively. Recent surveys on digitalisation
confirm that bank customers broadly approve of innovative banking
solutions. Respondents report a high level of satisfaction with banks’
online services, which they see as easy to use, fast, and delivered via
attractive websites or apps. For these reasons, it is perhaps not
surprising that of those who switched to online banking during the
pandemic, 87% plan to continue using banking apps after the risks
associated with the virus recede.
It is similarly unsurprising that use of online banking is higher
among young people. Even my generation quickly understood the advantages
of digital banking, especially in terms of convenience. However, it
took time to change our old habits and beliefs, and this slowed down our
shift to the most modern applications. For the digitally native younger
generations, online is the default option. They expect financial
services – like other online services – to be available without any
extra effort.
So, by this point, it is clear that European customers have for some
time been on an inevitable path away from traditional physical
branch-based banking and towards online and mobile alternatives. It is
also clear that this will mean that online service applications must
become more and more convenient.
Implications for market structure
One of the implications of this online shift relates to the
structure of the banking market. As customers have become more willing
to consume all kinds of products online, they have also become more open
to buying financial services bundled with services provided by non-bank
entities. Often these other service providers have more information
about their customers than banks.
SSM
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