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ESMA published a consultation paper (ESMA/2011/224) setting out its proposals for detailed guidelines for trading platforms, investment firms and competent authorities to address challenges of a highly automated trading environment, of which high frequency trading (HFT) is an important part. The guidelines seek to clarify the obligations of trading platforms and investment firms under the existing EU legislative framework. ESMA believes that the proposed guidelines contribute to the efficiency, orderly functioning and resilience of trading in a highly automated environment.