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Higher interest rates would lead to higher net interest income in the next three years for most of the banks directly supervised by the European Central Bank (ECB), but to lower economic value of equity, according to the results of the 2017 ECB stress test. This supervisory exercise allows the supervisor to gather more insight and information on the outcome of various hypothetical scenarios of changing interest rates.
The ECB conducted a sensitivity analysis of interest rate risk in the banking books based on year-end 2016 numbers. The exercise was designed to provide ECB Banking Supervision with additional information on the interest rate sensitivity of the net interest income and the economic value of equity of banks’ banking book positions.
The results were used in the yearly assessment of the banks’ overall capital demand. While the capital demand for individual banks might be adapted to the identified risks, the overall capital demand will not change as a result of the interest rate sensitivity analysis, all else being equal.
ECB Banking Supervision applied six hypothetical interest rate shocks to determine how the economic value of equity and net interest income projections would change in an evolving interest rate environment. The six shocks drew on the ones set by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision and captured changes in the level and shape of the interest rate curve. The shocks were hypothetical and not modelled as projections for the development of interest rates in the euro area.
The ECB also asked banks about the behavioural models they use to measure and manage their interest rate risk and how they assess underlying risks. As the behaviour of customers is a crucial input for banks’ interest rate risk - especially for deposits - banks use behavioural models to better measure and manage their interest rate risk. In that respect, the exercise revealed that most deposit models are based solely on a period of decreasing interest rates and hence might entail high model risk. The supervisors gained fresh and substantial insights into how the institutions they supervise manage these risks and will discuss the conclusions individually with the banks during the supervisory dialogue.
The stress test also illustrated how banks use interest rate derivatives for hedging risk exposures and reaching a target interest rate profile and how they adopt quite diverse “positioning” towards future interest rates movement. Where relevant, this will also be part of the supervisory dialogue with individual banks.
Sensitivity analysis of IRRBB – Stress-test 2017 - Final results (slides from presentation)