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The update, revealed in Parliament last month, would mean that traders would no longer be able to operate anonymously.
Bitcoin expert Dr Garrick Hileman, a research fellow at the University of Cambridge, said that in jurisdictions such as New York, crypto-currency is already subject to tighter regulation.
"I think these announcements have a powerful signalling effect and put the industry on notice that the 'cop on the beat' is concerned and watching crypto-currencies more closely now," he said of the Treasury news.
"This in turn will motivate companies to more effectively self-police bad actors."
A Treasury spokesman said that there were already "clear tax rules" for legitimate crypto-currency users. "We also intend to update regulation to bring virtual currency exchange platforms into anti-money laundering and counter-terrorist financing regulation," he added.
Bank of England deputy governor Sir Jon Cunliffe has advised people to "do their homework" before investing in Bitcoin.
"People need to be clear this is not an official currency. No central bank stands behind it, no government stands behind it," he told the BBC last week.