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The overall SREP demand excludes systemic buffers and countercyclical capital buffer (CCYB). Most significant institutions already have capital levels above the CET1 levels and buffers required by the ECB and national authorities, respectively. CET1 is a bank’s highest-quality capital, consisting largely of common stock, and measures a bank’s capital strength.
The overall 2018 SREP outcome showed that banks’ governance and risk management worsened from the previous SREP cycle, while the assessment of banks’ management of liquidity and funding risks remained largely unchanged. The risk management framework of a number of banks should continue to improve.
In addition to asking banks to hold certain amounts of capital, the ECB also imposed liquidity measures as part of the SREP, which may include improving the process of assessing their liquidity needs, their funding plans and/or intraday liquidity. Furthermore, the ECB imposed qualitative measures on more than eighty banks, covering a wide range of weaknesses from internal governance and risk management to non-performing loans and data quality.