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The fundamental role of banks in financial intermediation makes them inherently vulnerable to liquidity risk, of both an institution - specific and market nature. Financial market developments have increased the complexity of liquidity risk and its management. During the early “liquidity phase” of the financial crisis that began in 2007, many banks – despite meeting the capital requirements then in effect – experienced difficulties because they did not prudently manage their liquidity. The difficulties experienced by some banks arose from failures to observe the basic principles of liquidity risk measurement and management.
In 2008, the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision responded by publishing Principles for Sound Liquidity Risk Management and Supervision (the “Sound Principles”), which provide detailed guidance on the risk management and supervision of funding liquidity risk. The Committee has further strengthened its liquidity framework by developing two minimum standards for funding liquidity. These standards aim to achieve two separate but complementary objectives. The first objective is to promote the short-term resilience of a bank’s liquidity risk profile by ensuring that it has sufficient high-quality liquid assets (HQLA) to survive a significant stress scenario lasting for 30 days. To this end, the Committee published Basel III: The Liquidity Coverage Ratio and liquidity risk monitoring tools. The second objective is to reduce funding risk over a longer time horizon by requiring banks to fund their activities with sufficiently stable sources of funding in order to mitigate the risk of future funding stress.
To achieve this objective, the Committee published Basel III: The Net Stable Funding Ratio. The NSFR will become a minimum standard by 1 January 2018. This ratio should be equal to at least 100% on an ongoing basis. These standards are an essential component of the set of reforms introduced by Basel III and together will increase banks’ resilience to liquidity shocks, promote a more stable funding profile and enhance overall liquidity risk management.
This disclosure framework is focused on disclosure requirements for the Net Stable Funding Ratio (NSFR). Similar to the LCR disclosure framework, this requirement will improve the transparency of regulatory funding requirements, reinforce the Sound Principles, enhance market discipline, and reduce uncertainty in the markets as the NSFR is implemented.
It is important that banks adopt a common public disclosure framework to help market participants consistently assess banks’ funding risk. To promote the consistency and usability of disclosures related to the NSFR, and to enhance market discipline, the Committee has agreed that internationally active banks across member jurisdictions will be required to publish their NSFRs according to a common template. There are, however, some challenges associated with disclosure of funding positions under certain circumstances, including the potential for undesirable dynamics during stress. The Committee has carefully considered this trade-off in formulating the disclosure framework contained in this document.
The disclosure requirements are organised as follows. Section 1 presents requirements on the scope of application, implementation date, and the frequency and location of reporting. The disclosure requirements for the NSFR are set out in Section 2 and include a common template that banks must use to report their NSFR results and selected details of the NSFR components.
The Committee recognises that the NSFR is only one measure of a bank’s funding risk and that other information, both quantitative and qualitative, is essential for market participants to gain a broader picture of a bank’s funding risk and management. Section 3 of the LCR disclosure framework provides additional guidance on other information that banks may choose to disclose in order to facilitate understanding and awareness of their internal funding liquidity risk measurement and management.