EU agrees new rules on business insolvency

19 December 2018

The Council, at the level of ambassadors, confirmed an agreement reached with the Parliament on the directive on preventive restructuring frameworks, second chance and measures to increase the efficiency of restructuring, insolvency and discharge procedures.

The overall objective of the text is to reduce the most significant barriers to the free flow of capital stemming from differences in member states' restructuring and insolvency frameworks and to enhance the rescue culture in the EU. Furthermore, the directive also aims to reduce the amount of non-performing loans (NPLs) on banks' balance sheets and to prevent the accumulation of such NPLs in the future. In doing so, the proposal aims to strike an appropriate balance between the interests of the debtors and the creditors.

The text is a minimum harmonization directive. It introduces a set of principles along with more targeted rules in some specific cases, while allowing member states to go further when transposing the rules into national law.

Main elements of the compromise

The compromise largely respects the principles of the Council's position in particular with regards to the necessary amount of flexibility to member states to adapt the new legislation to their existing frameworks. This is, for example, the case regarding provisions on the involvement of judges, the duration of the stay of individual enforcement actions or the cross-class cram-down.

As part of the compromise, several provisions were added or amended compared to the Council's positions. Those include:

• the introduction of provisions on the duties of company directors in insolvency proceedings. Those provisions include: having due regard for the interests of creditors, other stakeholders and equity holders as well as taking steps to avoid insolvency and avoiding deliberate or grossly negligent conduct. Those duties could be implemented at national level by ensuring that judicial authorities take them into account when assessing the liability of the director in cases of breach of duty of care.
• an article on worker's rights has been introduced to recall that member states should ensure that the existing rights of workers under national and Union law are not affected by the preventive restructuring procedure (e.g. the right to collective bargaining and industrial action and the right to information and consultation)
• provisions on the appointment of a restructuring practitioner: Council and Parliament agreed on a few cases where the appointment of a practitioner to assist the debtor and creditors shall be required (e.g. in case a cross-class cram-down would be necessary to adopt the restructuring plan, when such appointment is requested by the debtor or a majority of creditors or when it is decided by judicial authorities in case of general stay of individual enforcement actions). For other cases, the directive states that appointments of a restructuring practitioner should be decided on a case-by-case basis depending on the circumstances of the case, except in those cases where member states may require a mandatory appointment.

Full press release

Joint statement by First Vice-President Timmermans and Commissioner Jourová welcoming the agreement on a new approach to business insolvency in Europe

© European Council